Theme: Determine what point
you want to drive home—this is your theme. Write it down--it will be like a
beacon on a lighthouse guiding you through your speech development.
Main Stepping Stones: Determine
what facts or viewpoints support the theme. Try to write down at least 3
facts/viewpoints. Leave space between each fact/viewpoint. (Most impromptu
speeches are typically 2 to 5 minutes. If the one you are called upon to
deliver is longer, you may need more facts.)
Supporting Material: Under
each fact/viewpoint, use at least two or more of the following:
- Supporting argument
- Authoritative quote(s)
- Reasoning points
- Illustration
- Humorous aside
Order & Transition: After you have all that in front of you, order your points by relevance and impact by putting large numbers alongside the main points. This will be your ad-hoc outline & speech order. Quickly think of how you can transition from one fact to the next.
Note
Do not
expect to have a word-for-word memorized speech when you get up to speak.
Instead, envision a garden path with each main fact being a section of that
garden and the supporting points being the various flowers in each section. The
exercise of impromptu speaking is designed to teach you to think on your feet. Use
your quick outline to keep you on your path.
Other Thoughts
Especially
in regards impromptu speaking, one thing instructors in speech classes are
looking for, although they won't tell you so, is your ability to ad-lib
fluently. Being able to throw in humor that helps drive home a point is
actually the mark of an accomplished speaker. For example: "Some people
say that animals go to heaven too. Well, my dog went to heaven but couldn't
find a tree to mark. It was hell for him."
Another approach helps add time and coherency to your speech: First tell them what you are going to
talk about (introduction), then tell them what you have to say (body), then
tell them what you told them (review and conclusion). This helps a speaker
reuse the same material but in a completely acceptable way.
If you
are a student of the Bible (as I am) engaging in secular or academic speech (as
I did in Toastmasters), there is nothing wrong with citing a scripture. Perhaps
a proverb, principle, or Bible story with a lesson (parable) that relates to
the subject. If you frame it in the context of yet another opinion, no one can
fault you for using the Bible because it is just as valid a source as is any
other authority. If you decide to incorporate a scripture, make sure to
highlight it’s practical application and reasonable value.